- Fellowship: Massachusetts General Hospital (1990) MA
- Residency: Massachusetts General Hospital Anesthesiology Residency (1989) MA
- Internship: Baystate Medical Center (1986)
- Medical Education: UC San Diego Office of the Registrar (1985) CA
- Professor Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (2014)
- Fellowship, Cardiac Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (1990)
- Fellowship, Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (1990)
- Residency, Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (1989)
- Internship, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA (1986)
- Board Certification: American Board of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology (1991)
- M.D., University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (1985)
- B.A., John Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland (1981)